The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck that produces thyroid hormones. These hormones help regulate many essential body functions like metabolism, heart rate, body temperature, and growth and development.
A thyroid disorder occurs when the thyroid gland does not function properly and produces either too much hormone (hyperthyroidism) or too little hormone (hypothyroidism). Some common symptoms of thyroid disorders include:
There are several different types of thyroid disorders:
| Disorder | Description |
|---|---|
| Hyperthyroidism | Overactive thyroid that produces too much thyroid hormone. Causes may include Graves' disease, thyroid nodules, or thyroiditis. Symptoms include anxiety, tremors, weight loss, rapid heartbeat. |
| Hypothyroidism | Underactive thyroid that does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Most common cause is Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, feeling cold. |
| Goiter | Enlarged thyroid gland that may cause a visible swelling at the base of the neck. Can be caused by iodine deficiency, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's disease, or thyroid nodules. |
| Thyroid nodules | Lumps or tumors that develop in the thyroid gland. Most are benign but some may be cancerous. Can cause overproduction or underproduction of thyroid hormones. |
| Thyroiditis | Inflammation of the thyroid gland, often caused by autoimmune disease or a viral infection. Types include Hashimoto's and subacute thyroiditis. |
| Thyroid cancer | Cancerous nodules or tumors found in the thyroid gland. Relatively rare but can spread to other parts of the body if not treated. |
Thyroid disorders are generally diagnosed through a physical exam and blood tests measuring thyroid hormones T3 and T4, as well as TSH levels. Common treatments include synthetic thyroid hormones like levothyroxine for hypothyroidism and anti-thyroid medications like methimazole for hyperthyroidism. For thyroid nodules or goiters, biopsy or surgical removal may be necessary.
| Test | Description |
|---|---|
| TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) | Measures the level of TSH in the blood. High levels may indicate hypothyroidism, while low levels may indicate hyperthyroidism. |
| T3 (Triiodothyronine) | Measures the level of T3 hormone in the blood. High levels may indicate hyperthyroidism. |
| T4 (Thyroxine) | Measures the level of T4 hormone in the blood. Low levels may indicate hypothyroidism. |
If you suspect you may have a thyroid problem, schedule a checkup with your doctor and ask for a simple TSH blood test, which is typically the first step in evaluating thyroid function. Thyroid disorders are very treatable, especially when caught early, so don't delay seeking medical advice if you experience unexplained changes in energy, mood, or weight. Proper thyroid hormone balance is essential for overall health and wellbeing.
You and your doctor can work together to determine the cause of your thyroid disorder and find the right treatment plan for your needs. With the right diagnosis and hormone therapy, most people with thyroid problems can manage their symptoms effectively and go on to live normal, active lives. The knowledgeable doctors at Balance Clinic specialize in complete thyroid care and customized treatment plans. Don't struggle needlessly with fatigue and other thyroid symptoms - take control of your health by seeking medical care today.